Does Tumble Drying Kill Germs? The Science Behind Laundry Sanitisation

How does tumble drying work?

At its core, a tumble dryer works by circulating hot air around your clothes as they spin. This process helps evaporate moisture and dry the fabric, but it also exposes your laundry to high temperatures, which can kill some of the germs and bacteria that may still linger after washing.

The effectiveness of germ elimination depends on two factors: temperature and drying time, which vary across the three types of tumble dryers. Vented dryers, which expel warm air outside, are typically the quickest at reaching high, germ-killing temperatures. Condenser dryers collect moisture in a container and may require higher heat settings for effective sanitisation due to longer drying times. Heat pump dryers, the most energy-efficient option, operate at lower temperatures, so reaching germ-killing heat levels may take longer unless set to the highest cycle.

The effectiveness of tumble drying in killing germs and bacteria

Research suggests that bacteria begin to die at 149°F (65°C), meaning that tumble drying at high temperatures can kill certain types of bacteria and viruses. However, for more stubborn pathogens, such as certain strains of E. coli or influenza viruses, even higher temperatures may be needed.

Most household dryers can reach these temperatures, particularly on their highest settings, which is why drying your clothes thoroughly on a high heat cycle can help eliminate a large portion of germs. The longer the clothes are exposed to high heat, the more effective the process becomes in breaking down microorganisms. However, it’s important to note that not all dryers are created equal, and different models may reach varying temperature levels.

Some Beko tumble dryers come with a HygieneTherapy programme, which hygienically refreshes your clothes by circulating hot air* to disinfect them in just 58 minutes. This process ensures your clothes are safely disinfected without the need for a full wash, saving money on water and detergent. l. These can be particularly useful in homes with individuals who are vulnerable to illness or in environments where sanitisation is a top priority.

How to maximise the germ-killing power of your tumble dryer?

Want to ensure your dryer is doing its best at eliminating germs? Here are a few practical tips:

• Use the highest heat setting: High heat is the key to killing bacteria, so whenever possible, set your dryer to the highest heat that your clothes can safely handle according to the care label. Check clothing labels to avoid damaging delicate fabrics.
• Dry for the right amount of time: Even on a high heat setting, your clothes need to be exposed to the heat for a sufficient time. Make sure to let your dryer run the full cycle, ensuring that clothes are not just warm but fully dry.
• Don’t overload the dryer: Packing too many clothes into the dryer reduces airflow and prevents even heating, which can hinder the germ-killing process. For the best results, load the dryer in small or medium-sized batches.
• Consider dryer sheets or additives: While heat alone can do a great job, some dryer sheets and additives are specially formulated to add an extra layer of sanitisation. Look for products that have antibacterial properties to enhance the germ-killing power.

Limitations of tumble drying for germ and bacteria elimination

While tumble drying is effective at killing many types of germs, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. Some bacteria and viruses are more resistant to heat than others, and low heat settings may not be effective at all. Additionally, some germs can survive if the drying time is too short or if the dryer doesn’t reach a high enough temperature.

For fabrics that can’t be subjected to high heat (such as delicate items or some synthetics), tumble drying might not be the best method for germ elimination. In these cases, it’s important to complement tumble drying with other laundry practices, such as washing in hot water or using bleach or disinfecting laundry detergents.

Should you disinfect your clothes dryer?

Beyond ensuring your clothes are sanitised, you may be wondering if your dryer itself needs a good clean. The answer is yes—periodically disinfecting the inside of your dryer can help maintain its hygiene and reduce the risk of cross-contamination.

To disinfect your dryer, follow these steps:

1. Unplug the dryer for safety.
2. Wipe down the interior with a damp cloth and soapy water. Make sure to focus on areas where lint and dust tend to accumulate.
3. Use a disinfectant spray or wipe designed for appliances to sanitise the drum and door seal.
4. Let it air dry before using the dryer again.

Regular cleaning helps prevent any remaining germs from contaminating freshly dried laundry.

FAQs

Does a clothes dryer sanitise laundry?

Yes, when used on a high heat setting for the proper amount of time, a clothes dryer can help sanitise laundry by killing many common germs and bacteria.

What temperature kills bacteria in the dryer?

Bacteria generally begin to die at temperatures above 149°F (65°C), but higher temperatures are more effective for killing a wider range of pathogens.

How long should I tumble dry clothes to kill germs?

For effective germ elimination, it’s recommended to dry clothes for at least 30 to 40 minutes on a high heat setting, ensuring that items are fully dry.

Can all clothes be tumble-dried for germ elimination?

Not all clothes can withstand high heat. Delicate fabrics, certain synthetics, and wool items may require lower heat settings or air drying to prevent damage. Always check care labels before tumble drying.

How often should I disinfect my dryer?

It’s a good idea to disinfect your dryer every few months or whenever you notice build-up inside the drum, particularly if someone in your household has been ill.